Ama-brake pads yizingxenye zokuphepha ezibucayi kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokubopha, ezidlala indima enqumayo kwikhwalithi ye-brake umphumela, kanye ne-brake enhle kungumbukeli wabantu nezimoto (izindiza).
Okokuqala, umsuka wama-brake pads
Ngo-1897, iHerbertthrood yasungula ama-brake ama-brake wokuqala (esebenzisa intambo kakotini njengokuqinisa i-fiber) futhi wayisebenzisa ezindlini zokudonswa kwamahhashi kanye nezimoto zakuqala, lapho kwasungulwa khona inkampani yaseFerodo. Kwathi ngo-1909, inkampani yasungulwa i-Asbestos esekelwe e-Asbestos esekelwe e-Brake Pad; Ngo-1968, kwasungulwa ama-pads okugcwaliswa kwensimbi okuqala ngensimbi emhlabeni, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, sekuqalile izinto zokufundisa ukuba zikhule ku-asbestos-free. Ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwaqala ukutadisha imicu ehlukahlukene ye-asbestos yokubuyiselwa kwemibhalo efana ne-fiber yensimbi, i-fiber yengilazi, i-aramid fiber, ama-carbon fiber, ama-application ezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukungqubuzana.
Okwesibili, ukuhlukaniswa kwama-brake pads
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili zokuhlukanisa izinto zokubopha. Eyodwa ihlukaniswe ukusetshenziswa kwezikhungo. Njengezinto zokwenziwa kwezimoto, isitimela ngezinto zokubopha kanye nezinto zokwakha izindiza. Indlela yokuhlukanisa ilula futhi kulula ukuyiqonda. Eyodwa ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Le ndlela yehlukaniso iyona eyesayensi eyengeziwe. Izinto ze-brake zesimanje zifaka phakathi izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo: izinto zokubopha ezenzelwe kabusha (izinto zokubopha ze-asbestos, izinto zokubopha ezingezona ze-asbestos), izinto zokwenza izinto zokubopha amaphepha)
Okwesithathu, izinto zokubopha izimoto
1, uhlobo lwezinto zokubopha zemoto ngokusho kwezinto zokukhiqiza zehlukile. Ingahlukaniswa ishidi le-asbestos, ishidi le-semi-metal noma ishidi lensimbi eliphansi, ishidi le-organic (asbestos lamahhala) ishidi le-organic), ishidi lekhabhoni lekhabhoni neshidi le-ceramic.
1.1.AShestos sheet
Kusukela ekuqaleni, i-asbestos isetshenziswe njengento yokuqinisa ama-brake pads, ngoba i-asbestos fiber inamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okushisa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke kungahlangabezana nezidingo zama-brake pads nama-gaskets kanye nama-gaskets. Le fiber inesilinganiso esinamandla esinamandla, ingafanisa ngisho nensimbi ephezulu, futhi ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu angama-316 ° C. Yini enye, i-asbestos ishibhile. Kukhishwe ku-Amphibole Ore, okutholakala ngamanani amakhulu emazweni amaningi. Izinto zokwehlukana ze-Asbestos zisebenzisa kakhulu i-asbestos fiber, okungungukuthi ama-magnoseum ama-magresium agcwele ama-magresium (3MGO 2SIO2 · 2h2o) njengefayibha eqinisiwe. I-filler yokuguqula izakhiwo zezingxabano iyangezwa. Izinto ze-matrix ze-organic matrix zitholakala ngokucindezela okunamathelayo ku-Hot Press Mold.
Ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1970. Amashidi wokuphambana we-asbestos asetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni. Futhi wabuswa isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusebenza okumpofu kokushisa kokushisa kwe-asbestos. Ukushisa kwengxabano akunakudilizwa ngokushesha. Kuzobangela ungqimba lokuwohloka kwe-thermal komhlaba wokuphambana ukuze uqweqwe. Khuphula ukugqoka okubonakalayo. Okwamanje. Amanzi amakristalu e-asbestos fiber anembe ngenhla 400 ℃. Impahla yokuphambana incishiswa kakhulu futhi ukugqokwa kukhuphuke kakhulu lapho kufinyelela kuma-550 ℃ noma ngaphezulu. Amanzi amakristalu alahlekelwe kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kulahlekile ngokuphelele. Okubaluleke kakhulu. Kufakazelwe ngokwelashwa. I-Asbestos iyinto enomonakalo omkhulu ezithweni zokuphefumula komuntu. NgoJulayi 1989
1.2, ishidi le-semi-metal
Luhlobo olusha lwezinto eziphikisanayo ezenziwe ngesisekelo sezinto eziphikisanayo zezingxabano kanye nezinto zokuphikisana nempuphu yendabuko yendabuko. Isebenzisa imicu yensimbi esikhundleni se-Asbestos Fibers. Kuyinto engeyona eyengezona izinto ezingezona ezezimali ezingezona ezenziwa yinkampani yaseMelika Bendis ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970.
"I-Semi-Metal" Amaphakethe we-Hybrid Brake (Semi-Met) akhiwa ikakhulukazi ngoboya bensimbi elukhuni njengefayibha eliqinisiwe nengxube ebalulekile. I-Asbestos ne-non-asbestos ye-organic brake pads (i-NAO) ingahlukaniswa kalula kusuka ekubukekeni (imicu emihle nezinhlayiya), futhi futhi inezakhiwo ezithile zikabuzi.
Izinto zokwehlukana ze-Semi-Metallic zinezimpawu ezilandelayo ezilandelayo:
(l) uzinze kakhulu ngaphansi kwenhlanganisela yokuxabana. Ayikhiqizi ukubola okushisayo. Ukuqina okuhle okushisayo;
(2) Ukumelana okuhle kwe-Wear. Impilo yenkonzo izikhathi ezi-3-5 ezenzelwe izinto zokungqubuzana ze-asbestos;
(3) Ukusebenza okuhle kokungqubuzana ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu kanye nokungqubuzana okuzinzile kokungqubuzana;
(4) Ukusebenza okuhle okushisayo. I-izingalo lokushisa lincane. Ilungele ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo emincane ye-disc brake;
(5) Umsindo omncane wokubopha.
I-United States, i-Europe, iJapan namanye amazwe baqala ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezinkulu ngawo-1960. Ukumelana nokugqokwa kweshidi le-semi-metal kungaphezu kwama-25% aphakeme kunalokho kweshidi le-asbestos. Njengamanje, kuhlala endaweni evelele emakethe ye-brake pad eChina. Kanye nezimoto eziningi zaseMelika. Ikakhulu izimoto nabagibeli nezimoto ezithwala izimpahla. I-semi-metal brake lining ibalwe ngaphezulu kwama-80%.
Kodwa-ke, umkhiqizo futhi unamaphutha alandelayo:
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(4) Ubuningi obuphezulu.
Yize "i-semi-metal" ayinakho ukushiyeka okuncane, kepha ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuhle kokukhiqizwa, inani eliphansi, kuseyinto ekhethwayo yamaphilisi okubhaxaka ezithunzini.
1.3. Ifilimu le-NAO
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1980, bekukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hybrid fiber eziqinisiwe asbestos-free brake linings emhlabeni, okungukuthi, isizukulwane sesithathu sezinto eziphilayo ze-asbestos-free nao hlobo brake pads. Inhloso yayo ukwenza iziphambeko zensimbi yensimbi eyodwa ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe ze-semi-metallic, imicu esetshenzisiwe iyi-fiber yezitshalo, i-fiber ye-aramong, i-ceramic fiber, i-carbon fiber, i-mineral fiber nokunye. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemicu eminingi, imicu e-brake lining igcwalisa omunye nomunye ekusebenzeni, futhi kulula ukuklama ifomula yokubopha i-brake ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-Nao Sheet ukugcina umphumela omuhle wokushaya ngamandla noma okuphezulu, ukunciphisa ukugqokwa, ukunciphisa ukugqoka, ukunciphisa umsindo, futhi kunwebe impilo yensiza ye-brake disc, emele ukuqondiswa kwamanje kwe-disc. Izinto zokuphambana ezisetshenziswa yizo zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba ezidumile zomhlaba we-Benz / Pilodo Brake Pads ziyinto e-asbestos yesithathu ye-NAO ASBESTOS-Free, ezingakubopha ngokukhululekile kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa, zivikele impilo yomshayeli, futhi zandise impilo ye-brake disc.
1.4, ishidi lekhabhoni lekhabhoni
I-Carbon Carbon Composite Maticdiction uhlobo lwento ebonakalayo nge-carbon fiber eqinisiwe yekhabhoni matrix. Izakhiwo zayo ezingezinhle zihle kakhulu. Ukuqina okuphansi (insimbi kuphela); Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Inamandla okushisa aphezulu kakhulu kunezinto ze-powder metallurgy nensimbi; Ukuqina okuphezulu okuphezulu; Akunakuguqulwa, into ebambelele. Ukushisa okusebenzayo kuze kube ngu-200 ℃; Ukungqubuzana okuhle nokugqoka. Impilo yenkonzo ende. I-coefflent engqubuzanayo iyazinza futhi ilinganiselwe ngesikhathi sokubopha. Amashidi e-Carbon-Carbon Composite asetshenziswa okokuqala endizeni yezempi. Kamuva kwamukelwa yiFomula 1 racing Cars, okuwukuphela kohlelo lokusebenza lwezinto zekhabhoni zekhabhoni kumaphakethe we-automive brake.
I-Carbon Carbon Carbon Composite Matering iyinto ekhethekile yokuqina okushisayo, ukugqokwa kokuqina, ukuqina kukagesi, amandla athile, ukuqina okuthile nezinye izici eziningi. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokungqubuzana ze-carbon-carbon composite nazo zinamaphutha alandelayo: I-coeffice engazinzile ayizinzile. Kuthintwa kakhulu ngumswakama;
Ukumelana ne-oxidation ezingezinhle (i-oxidation enkulu yenzeka ngaphezulu kuka-50 ° C emoyeni). Izidingo eziphakeme zemvelo (eyomile, ehlanzekile); Kuyabiza kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kukhawulelwe emasimini akhethekile. Lesi futhi siyisizathu esiyinhloko esenza okukhawulelwe ukukhawulela izinto zekhabhoni yekhabhoni kunzima ukuthuthukisa kabanzi.
1.5, izingcezu ze-ceramic
Njengomkhiqizo omusha wezinto zokwenziwa kwezingxabano. Amaphakethe we-Curamic Brake anezinzuzo zomsindo, akukho mlotha owela, akukho ukuthuthukiswa kwamasondo ezinamasondo, impilo yenkonzo ende, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokunye. Amaphakethe we-Curamic Brake ekuqaleni athuthukiswe yizinkampani zaseJapan Brake Pad ezinkampanini ngeminyaka yama-1990s. Kancane kancane iba darling entsha yemakethe ye-brake pad.
Ummeleli ojwayelekile wezinto zokwenziwa kwezingxabano ezisekelwe kwe-ceramic yizinhlanganisela ze-C / C-Sic, okungukuthi, i-carbon fiber eqinisiwe i-silicon Carbide Matrix C / Sic Composites. Abaphenyi abavela e-University of Stuttgart kanye neJalimane Aerospace Research Institute sebefunde ukusetshenziswa kwama-C / C-Sic Composites emkhakheni we-Frick, futhi athuthukiswe amaphakethe we-C / C-Sic Brake ukuze asetshenziswe ezimotweni zePorsche. I-Oak Ridge Laboratory enezinto ezithuthukisiwe zezinyosi, nezinhlelo ze-honeywellyratf lnading, nezinhlelo zezinyosi ze-honeywork
2, Carbon Ceramic Composite Brake Pad Advantaces:
1, kuqhathaniswa namaphampu we-brake empunga yendabuko empunga, isisindo se-carbon ceramic brake pads incishiswa cishe ngama-60%, futhi isisindo esingesimiswa sincishisiwe cishe ngamakhilogremu angama-23;
2, i-brake yokuphazamiseka kwe-coefflent inokukhuphuka okuphezulu kakhulu, isivinini sokuphendula se-brake siyanda futhi i-brake attiation incishisiwe;
I-3, ukugcwala okuthe xaxa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-carbon cellamic kusuka ku-0,1% kuya ku-0.3%, okuyinani eliphakeme kakhulu lezinto zokwakha ubumba;
I-4, i-ceramic disc pedal izwakala ikhululekile kakhulu, ingakhiqiza ngokushesha amandla aphezulu okubhula esigabeni sokuqala sokubopha, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhulisa uhlelo lokusiza lwe-brake, futhi okufushane kushesha kunohlelo lwendabuko lokubopha;
5, ukuze umelane nokushisa okuphezulu, kukhona ukufakwa kokushisa okushisa phakathi kwe-brake piston kanye ne-brake liner;
I-6, i-ceramic brake disc inokuqina okungavamile, uma ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kuyinto yokuphindisela yamahhala yempilo, kanye ne-cast cast brake disc ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa iminyaka embalwa ukuze isetshenziswe.
Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-08-2023